In a significant move to power its expanding US data centers, Google has entered a 20-year deal with Constellation Energy to purchase 3,590 megawatts of electricity, including a substantial portion from upgraded nuclear reactors across the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic.
- 3.6-GW power deal with Constellation includes 890 MW from upgraded nuclear plants
- $4.3 billion investment planned for nuclear capacity expansion in PJM grid
- Deal addresses PJM’s new rules for data center power reliability
What happened
Google has signed a 20-year power purchase agreement totaling 3,590 megawatts with Constellation Energy, the largest US nuclear power operator. Approximately one-quarter of this electricity will come from upgrades to existing nuclear reactors located in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. These upgrades represent an expansion aiming to boost output significantly at several Constellation nuclear units.
The contract spans the PJM Interconnection grid, which covers 13 states and is the largest power grid in the country. Alongside the nuclear-specific portion, Google also secured an additional 2,700 megawatts of electricity from Constellation’s diverse portfolio, providing the utility with stable long-term revenue to support continued operations.
Why it matters
This landmark agreement comes amid increasing pressure on major tech companies to secure stable and clean electricity supplies for their rapidly growing data center infrastructure. With data centers consuming significant power, Google’s deal exemplifies a strategic commitment to clean and reliable energy, emphasizing nuclear as a key component.
The deal addresses new market rules proposed by PJM, which requires large power consumers like data centers to bring their own power or risk curtailment during peak demand to maintain grid reliability. By locking in this massive supply, Google ensures uninterrupted operations while supporting significant investment in clean nuclear energy.
What to watch next
Electricity from the upgraded nuclear plants is expected to begin flowing in 2028, marking a critical milestone in the modernization of existing nuclear infrastructure in the PJM region. The evolution of these power plants and the broader integration of clean energy sources will be pivotal in meeting increasing electricity demands sustainably.
Observers will also be monitoring the impact of PJM's 'bring your own power' policies on other data center operators and utilities. Google’s deal may set a precedent for future power purchase agreements within the technology sector and beyond, influencing how grid management and clean energy investments evolve across the United States.